Current Climate and the Need for MTSS

Presentation/Current Climate and the Need for MTSS Now in cut, instructors in our state are responsible for expanding understudy achievement more than they have at any old clasp ( Guilfoyle, 2006 ) . Teachers in America are stood up to with expanding viewpoints from national and territory measures alongside a dynamically differing student base that challenge conventional habits of guidance and obtaining. In add-on to expanding standards, answerability and a different student populace, instructors are confronted with social issues that take away from quality schoolroom course cut ( Public Agenda, 2004 ) . The examination led by Public Agenda ( 2004 ) expressed that â€Å"of the 725 focus and secondary school educators reviewed, 97 % affirmed that great subject and conduct are important for a school to blast. The study revealed that â€Å"77 % of teachers felt that their guidance would be better if wild practices did non require such a large amount of their time† ( Public Agenda, 2004 ) . Furthermore, schools are losing underst udies in the section between in the middle of school and secondary school with first-year scholarly rates on the lessening. Exploration from McIntosh and partners ( 2008 ) suggested that Grade 9 scholastic open introduction was unequivocally associated with Rate 8 conduct informations while â€Å"Grade 9 conduct was unsurprising given Grade 8 scholarly performance† . Conduct breaks in the schoolroom bring down heading cut, and that diminished clasp at last influences scholastic open introduction. Legitimately, the clasp that understudies miss at long last hostile student headway toward graduation, which expands secondary school dropout rates ( McIntosh, Flannery, Sugai, Braun, and A ; Cochrane, 2008 ) . Conventional habits of guidance that are more â€Å"reactive† than â€Å"proactive† no longer run into the requests of understudies, as schools face the contention of expanded assessment and exertion to non fall farther behind all inclusive in employees. At Ottawa ( Kansas ) High School totally, 91 out of the 174 understudies in the current eighth-grade classification have been distinguished as requiring additional scholastic mediation in regards to perusing ( J. Blome, individual conveying, November 28, 2011 ) . Experts who are accustomed to learning in seclusion are presently being presented to an increasingly fuse mindset in regards to data. Schmoker ( 2006 ) states that â€Å"Historically, schools have worked in storehouses where educators give guidance free from different experts in the building.† These â€Å"silos† , in twist, generally cause teachers to bunch understudies with requests into wide â€Å"categories†, for example, specific guidan ce, talented and so on ( Harlacher and A ; Siler, 2011 ) . Be that as it may, by gathering students into wide classs, single requests of understudies can be bypassed by these wide speculations. The current clime requests that instructors satisfy the needs of all understudies by creating proactive interventions at a methodical degree, rather than being receptive and puting our students in wide gatherings that do non run into their single requests. The clasp is presently in regards to â€Å"supporting kids both scholastically and typically so as to empower them to make their full power ( Horner et. al. , 2005 ) . So as to achieve that end, school domains are get bringing down to execute â€Å"response-to-intervention† plans, or in the territory of Kansas, Multi-Tiered Systems ( MTSS ) of help. MTSS can be utilized locale wide, from Kindergarten to the 12Thursdayclass. For a focussed endeavor, the undermentioned paper will indicate and elucidate the strategy of MTSS execution at the secondary school ( 9-12 ) degree with an emphasize in MTSS understanding execution while providing representations from Ottawa High School. Determining MTSS, Its Purpose and Goals MTSS gets from a signifier of â€Å"Response-to-Intervention† ( RTI ) . Batche et al. , ( 2005 ) and Fuchs and A ; Fuchs ( 2006 ) territory that â€Å"RTI alludes to the example of providing high-caliber, multi-level heading and interventions coordinated to students’ requests, administering understudy headway regularly, and estimating informations on understudy progression to discover the interest for specific guidance support† ( as refered to in Averill and Rinaldi, September, 2011 ) . Essentially, MTSS gives an efficient assault to perusing, math and conduct mediations by using research-based course to all understudies inside a school. The Kansas Department of Education ( 2011 ) characterizes MTSS as â€Å"a lucid continuum of proof based, framework expansive examples to back up a quick reaction to scholastic and social needs.† The hypothetical record is non an accreditation plan ; rather, it is a school advancement framework that embarks to gracefully b ar, support and early intervention for all students inside a school and region. It very well may be adjusted to a grouping of school accreditation plans from Quality Performance Accreditation ( QPA toward the North Central Accreditation ( NCA ) . The school advancement program goes about as a â€Å"overarching model that aides schools through a strategy of requests evaluation and assurance conceiving that aids non simply picking strong examples, however close to in making a supportable adjusted system† ( Kansas Department of Education, 2011 ) . The finish of MTSS is to ensure that each child can be fruitful using the assets from schools ( Kansas Multi-Tier System of Supports, 2011 ) . School domains other than do non require to gracefully additional assets or additional items to current examples, however rather it distinguishes bing plans inside the school condition. From at that place, MTSS â€Å"practices to put those that yield grounds of effectivity, turn toing nations that are losing, and supplanting uneffective or wasteful assaults with those that are upheld by research† ( Kansas Department of Education, 2011 ) . The finishes of MTSS are other than achieved by the devotees: being bar situated to flexibly bolster each piece ahead of schedule as conceivable each school twelvemonth and giving said underpins ; utilizing proof based mediations for all students ; and using informations to quantify progression and concocting adjustments when required ( Kansas Multi-Tier System of Supports, 2011 ) . Model of MTSS-Tiered Learning As referenced, MTSS needs to ensure accomplishment for all students by using a grouping of plans from inside the school. In regards to scholastic and conduct bearing, MTSS gives â€Å"tiers† of help to students. Level 1 guide central focuses on providing models and confirm based heading to all understudies inside the school ( Kansas Department of Education, 2011 ) . At Ottawa High School, the current program for scholastic point of convergence is perusing intervention execution by the accompanying school twelvemonth. The program is in its diaper days, however removal and the MTSS crew has distinguished two boss constituents inside perusing: cognizance and jargon. For representation, the crew is considering executing a framework wide jargon plot inside the school: LINCS ( R. Cobbs, individual conveying, November 30, 2011 ) . The plan utilizes visual creative mind, foremost perception and watchword mnemotechnic gadgets to make study cards to help understudies in jargon and appre ciation ( LINCS Vocabulary Strategy, 2011 ) . All schoolrooms use jargon in one signifier or the other and a predictable, efficient assault from all teachers can help all understudies inside Ottawa High School to increase jargon advancement ( R. Cobbs, individual imparting, November 30, 2011 ) . Level 2 guide happens when educators run over the request, â€Å"‘what would we say we are set up to make when they do non larn? ’† Essentially, students who are non run intoing accomplishment in Tier I interventions are distinguished through progression checking and alluded to Tier 2 mediation. Level 2 interventions include foreordained additional mediations and plans dependent on the particular achievement sets that understudies need to achieve ( Kansas Department of Education, 2011 ) . For delineation, if understudies are recognized as holding issues with phonic cognizance for perusing, they are put on Tier 2 mediation and will have additional everyday help to assist them with that achievement. At the secondary school degree, students are to have an abundance 30 proceedingss of core bearing in minimal homogenous gatherings. Gatherings sizes at Tier 2 understudies run from four-to-six students ( Kansas Multi-Tier System of Supports†¦Reading, 2011 ) . Ottawa High School plans on pleasing its coordinations to suit the requests of MTSS Reading Implementation. The program is to execute a seven hr twenty-four hours with every hr at 53-minute increments. A 30-minute everyday intervention period will be actualized for Tier 2 mediations. Educators distinguished as skilled teachers will be drawn nearer to assist the school with these understanding mediations, independent of substance ( R. Cobbs, individual conveying, November 30, 2011 ) . At long last, Tier 3 guide happens when understudies need additional help past the guide of Tier 2 mediation. While Tier 2 interventions have standard mediation conventions for explicit requests for understudies, Tier 3 guide turns out to be much progressively individualized as â€Å"the student’s teachers, advisor, and guardians reliably decide the issues that should be tended to for the student† ( Kansas Department of Education, 2011 ) . Gathering sizes in Tier 3 interventions go from one-to-three understudies and incorporate incessant progression checking to proceed to drive proof based heading ( R. Cobbs, individual conveying, November 30, 2011 ) . Execution of Reading Practices of MTSS at the High School Level As expressed, MTSS does non a hardened, fixed clasp development for execution. School regions can set the clasp outline blending to an area sin

Why We Are Responsible For Being Born

In our social orders, people distinguish themselves with individual and gathering personalities. Each individual is viewed as identified with a specific race, religion, and other social parts of life (Appiah, 2005). Personality alludes to the interesting qualities that an individual or a gathering possesses.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Why We Are Responsible For Being Born explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The attributes of a specific gathering impact whether an individual will remain or leave the gathering. Each gathering has one of a kind social, political, and financial attributes that are portrayed in the conduct of every part. Social investigations show that each individual has remarkable identifiers, for example, nationality, race, ethnicity, history, strict convictions, and language. In created nations, for example, the United States of America, UK, and France, bunch character depends on the social qualities and practices (Appiah , 2005). In this article, the occasions that prompted the absolution of George Zimmerman are dissected with the point of showing how strain between singular personality and gathering character emerges and how it tends to be settled. The slaughtering of Trayvon Martin by Zimmerman has never been archived with conviction. In any case, it is evident that the two people were from two unique races (Yancy, 2013). Martin was an African-American, while Zimmerman is white American. The racial personality of Martin more likely than not been the fundamental driver that prompted his murdering. Along these lines, it very well may be contended that Martin’s bunch personality and not his individual character assumed an immense job in his end. In the US, racial clashes between the whites and blacks have existed for quite a while. Be that as it may, in around hardly any situations murder cases between individuals from same races have been accounted for (Yancy, 2013). On 26 February 2012, the portentous day that Martin was killed, Zimmerman was looking out for the area in Sanford, Florida. Zimmerman was then a network security watch and had a firearm. Circumstantially, Martin had moved to remain briefly in the Sanford neighborhood.Advertising Looking for paper on ethnicity considers? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is accounted for that when Zimmerman spotted Martin strolling around the area, he quickly educated the police. The police exhorted him not to stand up to the minor, yet he overlooked their requests and continued to face the minor. What Zimmerman dreaded most was theft related wrongdoings. As indicated by the setting of the homicide, plainly he accepted that the blacks participate in theft wrongdoings. Since Martin was an African American, Zimmerman probably felt that the minor was looking for trouble terrible in the area. Accordingly, Zimmerman goals were biased by the minor’s bunch personality . When Zimmerman stood up to Martin, the two broke into a battle where he harmed his nose. During the battle, Zimmerman shot Martin murdering him on the spot. He later contended that he shot Martin while guarding himself. It is clear that Zimmerman didn't set aside some effort to think about the individual character of Martin, however rather made a decision about him dependent on his gathering personality. So also, plainly Zimmerman didn't grill the personality of Martin and the motivation behind why he was strolling around the area. On the off chance that he had trusted that the police will show up and explore Martin’s activities, he was unable to have murdered him. Through this, he would have found that Martin was living incidentally in the area. Similarly, he could have found that Martin was not a criminal notwithstanding being an African American. Moreover, he would have understood that Martin was a minor. Along these lines, the above clashes are accused on the strain bet ween singular character and gathering personality. In view of the above outlines, it is obvious that Martin was a survivor of gathering personality. For quite a while, African Americans have been related with criminal acts, for example, theft by the dominant part whites. Through this, some African people have been oppressed and even imprisoned for being dark notwithstanding the way that there were legal people (Yancy, 2013).Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Why We Are Responsible For Being Born explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More For the situation study, Martin was a blameless individual and not a criminal as assumed by his assailant (Yancy, 2013). In view of Beller‘s contentions that we ought to be answerable for the activities of our gatherings, Martin bore the duty of being naturally introduced to a dark race. For his situation, the gathering character is more grounded than the individual personality and it is the sole purpose behind his homicide After the killings, Zimmerman was not captured for the offense since he contended that he was guarding himself and there were no proof to demonstrate something else. Be that as it may, obviously he was not caught quickly on account of his racial foundation. On the off chance that Zimmerman originated from African American foundation and Martin originated from Caucasian root, Zimmerman would have been secured by the police after the offense for additional scrutinizing. The above representations affirms Beller‘s contentions that bunch personality and individual character have prompted clashes in our social orders. The homicide of Martin and associate of Zimmerman showed a level of carelessness on racial executing acts in the US (Pietruszynski, 2008). The gathering character by and large clashes with the individual personality. Truth be told, Americans see the gathering character to be progressively critical. Thusly, they base the vast majority of their judgment on bunch character. The homicide instance of Martin pulled in open consideration and prompted arrangement of fights denouncing the demonstration. In particular, general society and other government organizations were angry in light of the fact that the killer had not been captured (Pietruszynski, 2008). Since Zimmerman was absolved, I accept that the contention in the American culture concerning the gathering character and individual personality has never been explained (Yancy, 2013). Along these lines, as Beller contends Americans will at present be responsible for managing shameful acts that outcome from their gathering personality whether or not they are liable for the circumstances (Pietruszynski, 2008).Advertising Searching for article on ethnicity considers? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Despite the fact that contentions exist between singular personality and gathering character, it is out of line for people to be answerable for the activities they experience in their lives. In spite of the presence of the mutual social qualities, bunch judgment ought not be utilized to oppress people. It is additionally obvious that the gathering activity don't foresee the conduct of a person. In light of the above delineation, it is clear that pressures between singular personality and gathering character as a rule emerge in our general public. The conditions decide why an individual would decide to draw in or not to connect more as a gathering part. The qualities of a specific gathering impact whether an individual will remain or leave the gathering. The attributes are subject to the qualities and social realities of a specific gathering, for example, social, political, and monetary components that the gathering maintains. Contingent upon the specific situation, singular personali ty at specific occasions struggle with the gathering character. When there is no reasonable limit between the individual and gathering character, at that point pressure emerges, henceforth the Beller’s end on why we are liable for being conceived holds. References Appiah, A. (2005). The morals of character. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Pietruszynski, J. (2008). Race, sex, and human character in an assorted society: a treasury (ninth ed.). Acton, Mass.: Tapestry Press. Yancy, G. (2013). Seeking after Trayvon Martin: authentic settings and contemporary indications of racial elements. Lanham: Lexington Boos. This article on Why We Are Responsible For Being Born was composed and put together by client Archer Wiley to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; in any case, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give your paper here.

The Complete IB Extended Essay Guide Examples, Topics, and Ideas

The Complete IB Extended Essay Guide Examples, Topics, and Ideas SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips IB understudies the world over fearwriting the Extended Essay, yet it doesn't need to be a wellspring of stress! In this article, I'll get you amped up for composing your Extended Essay and furnish you with the assets to get an A. In case you're perusing this article, I accept that you're an IB Student preparing to compose your Extended Essay. In case you're taking a gander at this as a potential future IB understudy, I suggest perusing our other early on IB articles first: What is the International Baccalaureate (IB) Program? andWhat is the IB Curriculum? What are IB Diploma Requirements? For what reason Should You Trust My Advice? I'm a beneficiary of an IB Diploma, and I happened to get An on my IB Extended Essay. On the off chance that you don’t trust me, the verification is in the IBO pudding, In case you're befuddled by what this report implies, EE is short for Extended Essay, and English A1 is the subject that my Extended Essay theme composed with.In layman’s terms, my IB Diploma was evaluated during May 2010, I composed my Extended Essay in the English A1 classification, and I got an evaluation A. Need to improve evaluations and grades? We can help. PrepScholar Tutors is the world's best coaching administration. We join world-class master guides with our restrictive educating methods. Our understudies have gotten An's on a huge number of classes, ideal 5's on AP tests, and unbelievably high SAT Subject Test scores. Regardless of whether you need assistance with science, math, English, sociology, or more, we have you secured. Show signs of improvement reviews today with PrepScholar Tutors. What Is the Extended Essay? The IB Extended Essay (or EE) is a 4,000 word organized smaller than normal proposal that you compose under the management of a guide (an IB educator at your school), which tallies towards your IB Diploma (to find out pretty much all of theIB confirmation prerequisites, look at our other article).I'll clarify precisely how the EE influences your recognition later in this article. For the Extended Essay, you pick an exploration question as a theme; this point should be endorsed by IBO (which isn't extremely troublesome). You can do an ordinary research paperor direct an analysis/tackle an issue. Most schools permit you to pick your consultant (an IB instructor ideally at your school). I'll disclose how to pick your IB EE consultant beneath. The IB Extended Essay must include: A spread page A theoretical (one-page summation of your paper) A list of chapters The 4,000-word exposition (which will go from 10-20 pages relying upon whether your subject requires delineations, for example, a test would) A reference index Your finished Extended Essay will at that point sent to the IBO to be reviewed (I will really expound on evaluating beneath). What Should You Write About in Your Extended Essay? You can in fact expound on anything, insofar as the IBO endorses it.However, you ought to pick a point that can be categorized as one of the IB Course Categories, (for example, Theater, Film, Spanish, French, Math, Biology, and so on.) which shouldn’t be troublesome in light of the fact that there are such huge numbers of class subjects.Here is a scope of test themes with the joined broadened paper: Biology:The Effect of Age and Gender on the Photoreceptor Cells in the Human Retina Chemistry:How Does Reflux Time Affect the Yield and Purity of Ethyl Aminobenzoate (Benzocaine), and How Effective is Recrystallisation as a Purification Technique for This Compound? English:An Exploration of Jane Austen's Use of the Outdoors inEmma Geography:The Effect of Location on the Educational Attainment of Indigenous Secondary Students in Queensland, Australia Math:Alhazen's Billiard Problem Visual Arts:Can Luc Tuymans Be Classified as a Political Painter? You can see from how changed the subjects are that you have a great deal of opportunity with regards to picking a point. All in all, how would you pick when the alternatives are boundless? I will assist you with that next: 6 Tips for Writing a Grade An Extended Essay The following are the six key tips you have to follow to compose an extraordinary Extended Essay. Tip #1: Write About Something You Enjoy I love British theater and wound up composing mine about an unrest in post-WWII British theater #theatrenerd.I truly energize any individual who seeks after an IB Diploma to take the Extended Essay seriously.I wound up getting a full-educational cost merit grant to USC’s School of Dramatic Arts program and in my meeting for the grant, I talked enthusiastically about my Extended Essay.I really think my Extended Essay helped me get my grant. How would you discover a subject you are energetic about? Start by making sense of which classes you appreciate the most and why you appreciate them. Do you like Math since you like to issue understand? Or then again do you appreciate English since you like to break down writings? When you have made sense of a general branch of knowledge, for example, material science, you should conceptualize progressively explicit subjects by putting pen to paper. What was your preferred section you learned in that class? Was it astronomy or mechanics? What did you like about that particular section? Is there something you need to study? I suggest going through an hour on this kind of conceptualizing. Tip #2: Chose a Topic That Is Not Too Broad or Too Narrow This is a barely recognizable difference. You have to expound on something explicit, however not all that particular that you can’t compose 4,000 words on it.You can’t expound on WWII in light of the fact that that would be a book of material.You don’t need to expound on what kind of soup detainees of war got in POW camps since you presumably can’t think of 4000 words on it.However, you might expound on how the conditions in German POW camps were straightforwardly influenced by the Nazis triumphs and disappointments. This might be excessively evident of a subject, however you get my point. In case you're truly adhered attempting to discover a not very expansive or limited subject, I prescribe attempting to conceptualize a theme that utilizes a comparison.Once you start glancing through the rundown of test articles beneath, you may see that many use correlations. I additionally utilized correlation in my EE, contrasting Harold Pinter's Party Time with John Osborne's Look Back in Angerin request to show a change in British Theater. Subjects with correlations of 2-3 plays/books/eats less/and so forth will in general be in the sweet spot of not very restricted or wide on the grounds that you can examine each part and in the wake of doing top to bottom examination on every, you think about and clarify the criticalness of the examination. The key here is that the examination should be noteworthy. I contrasted two plays with show a progress in British Theater. Correlations are not by any means the only method to get an evaluation An EE. Ifafter conceptualizing, you pick a non-examination based point and you are as yet uncertain if a subject is excessively expansive or slender, go through 30 minutes doing some fundamental research and perceive how much material is out there. In the event that there are more than 1,000 books/articles/narratives out there on the specific theme, it might be excessively expansive. On the off chance that there are just 2 books that have any association with your theme, it might be excessively tight. On the off chance that you are as yet uncertain, ask your counselor! Talking about guides: Try not to stall out with a restricted theme! Tip #3: Choose an Advisor Who Is Familiar With Your Topic On the off chance that you are not sure of who you might want to be your guide, I would begin by making a rundown of your best three decisions. Next, make a rundown of upsides and downsides (I know this sounds dull, however it truly makes a difference!). For instance, Mr. Green is my preferred educator, and we get along truly well, however he shows English, and I need to direct an examination to think about the effectiveness of American Hybrid Cars to Foreign Hybrid Cars. Ms. White shows Physics, I had her a year prior, and she enjoyed me. She could assist me with structuring my trial. I will ask Ms. White! Don't simply request that your preferred educator be your counselor. They might be a block to you on the off chance that they show another subject. I would not propose requesting that your Biology educator manage you recorded as a hard copy your English EE. Special case: If you have an educator who is energetic and proficient about your subject (as my English educator was about my Theater point), you can ask that teacher. Consider the entirety of your alternatives first before you do. There was no theater instructor at my school, so I was unable to discover a theater-explicit counselor, yet I picked the following best thing. Some IB secondary schools require your IB Extended Essay counselor to consent to an Arrangement Form. Ensure you inquire as to whether there is any necessary administrative work. IBO doesn't require any administrative work. On the off chance that your school needs a Form marked, ensure you carry it with you when you request that an instructor be your EE counselor. Tip #4: Choose an Advisor Who Will Push You to Be Your Best A few instructors may simply take on understudies since they need to and may not be energetic about understanding drafts and may not give you a great deal of feedback.Choose an educator who will set aside the effort to peruse a few drafts and give you broad notes.I would not have gotten my A without being pushed to improve the draft. Ask an instructor that you have involvement in through class or an extracurricular movement. Try not to ask an instructor that you have no association with; an educator who doesn't have any acquaintance with you is probably not going to push you. Note: The IBO just permits counselors to propose upgrades to the EE, yet they may not be occupied with composing the EE. The IBO suggests that the boss spends around a few hours altogether with the competitor examining the EE. Tip #5: Make Sure Your Essay Has a Clear Structure and Flow IB likes structure.Your EE needs a reasonable presentation (which ought to be 1-2 pages twofold dispersed), explore question/center (for example what you will examine), body, and decision (around 1 page twofold spaced).An article that has hazy or poor association will be evaluated poorly.Also, ensure your 300-word unique is clear and quickly sums up your entire contention. A vague dynamic will make it more challeng

Forward the Foundation Chapter 25

12 Las Zenow said with a specific hint of wonder in his voice, â€Å"I didn't have any acquaintance with you were so well disposed with the Emperor, Professor Seldon.† â€Å"Why not? He's a vote based individual for an Emperor and he was keen on my encounters as a First Minister in Cleon's time.† â€Å"It established a profound connection with every one of us. We haven't had an Emperor in our corridors for a long time. For the most part, when the Emperor needs something from the Library-â€Å" â€Å"I can envision. He calls for it and it is brought to him as an issue of courtesy.† â€Å"There was at one time a suggestion,† said Zenow chattily, â€Å"that the Emperor be equipped with a total arrangement of electronic gear in his castle, guided straightforwardly into the Library framework, so he would not have to hang tight for administration. This was in the days of yore when credits were copious, at the same time, you know, it was casted a ballot down.† â€Å"Was it?† â€Å"Oh truly, nearly the whole Board concurred that it would make the Emperor a lot of a piece of the Library and this would undermine our freedom from the government.† â€Å"And does this Board, which won't curve to respect an Emperor, agree to let me stay at the Library?† â€Å"At the current second, yes. There is an inclination and I've given a valiant effort to support it-that on the off chance that we are not amenable to a close companion of the Emperor, the possibility of an ascent in allocations will be gone through and through, so-â€Å" â€Å"So credits-or even the diminish prospect of credits-talk.† â€Å"I'm apprehensive so.† â€Å"And would i be able to get my colleagues?† Zenow looked humiliated. â€Å"I'm apprehensive not. The Emperor was seen strolling just with you-not with your partners. I'm heartbroken, Professor.† Seldon shrugged and a state of mind of profound despairing cleared over him. He had no partner to acquire, at any rate. For quite a while he had would have liked to find others like Wanda and he had fizzled. He, as well, would require financing to mount a satisfactory hunt. Furthermore, he, as well, had nothing. 13 Trantor, the capital world-city of the Galactic Empire, had changed extensively since the day Hari first ventured off the hypership from his local Helicon thirty-eight years prior. Was it the silvery cloudiness of an elderly person's memory that made the Trantor of old sparkle so splendidly in his inner being, Hari pondered. Or on the other hand maybe it had been the abundance of youth-how could a youngster from a common Outer World, for example, Helicon not be dazzled by the glimmering towers, shining vaults, the brilliant, hurrying masses of individuals that had appeared to whirl through Trantor, day and night. Presently, Hari thought unfortunately, the walkways are about abandoned, even in the full light of day. Meandering groups of hooligans controlled different regions of the city, contending among themselves for domain. The security foundation had dwindled; the individuals who were left had their hands full preparing protests at the focal office. Obviously, security officials were dispatched as crisis calls came through, however they made it to the scene simply after a wrongdoing was submitted they not, at this point made even a misrepresentation of ensuring the residents of Trantor. An individual went out at his own hazard and an extraordinary hazard it was. But then Hari Seldon still faced that challenge, as a day by day stroll, as though opposing the powers that were obliterating his dearest Empire to wreck him too. Thus Hari Seldon strolled along, limping-and astute. Nothing worked. Nothing. He had been not able to detach the hereditary example that set Wanda separated and without that, he couldn't find others like her. Wanda's capacity to guess thoughts had honed significantly in the a long time since she had recognized the defect in Yugo Amaryl's Prime Radiant. Wanda was uncommon in a bigger number of ways than one. It was as though, when she understood that her psychological capacity set her apart from others, she was resolved to get it, to saddle its vitality, to guide it. As she had advanced through her adolescent years, she had developed, losing the innocent snickers that had so charmed her to Hari, simultaneously turning out to be even dearer to him in her assurance to help him in his work with the forces of her â€Å"gift.† For Hari Seldon had informed Wanda concerning his arrangement for a Second Foundation and she had subscribed to understanding that objective with him. Today, however, Seldon was feeling dull. He was arriving at the resolution that Wanda's mentalic capacity would accomplish nothing for him. He had no credits to proceed with his work-no credits to find others like Wanda, no credits to pay his laborers on the Psychohistory Project at Streeling, no credits to set up his immeasurably significant Encyclopedia Project at the Galactic Library. Presently what? He kept on strolling toward the Galactic Library. He would have been exceptional off taking a gravicab, however he needed to walk-limp or not. He required time to think. He heard a cry-â€Å"There he is!†-yet gave no consideration. It returned once more. â€Å"There he is! Psychohistory!† The word constrained him to turn upward. Psychohistory. A gathering of youngsters was surrounding him. Naturally Seldon set his luck run out and raised his stick. â€Å"What is it you want?† They giggled. â€Å"Credits, elderly person. Do you have any credits?† â€Å"Maybe, yet for what reason do you need them from me? You stated, ‘Psychohistory!' Do you know who I am?† â€Å"Sure, you're Raven Seldon† said the youngster in the number one spot. He appeared to be both agreeable and satisfied. â€Å"You're a creep,† yelled another. â€Å"What are you going to do on the off chance that I don't give you any credits?† â€Å"We'll beat you up,† said the pioneer, â€Å"and we'll take them.† â€Å"And in the event that I give you my credits?† â€Å"We'll thump you anyway!† They all snickered. Hari Seldon raised his stick higher. â€Å"Stay away. All of you.† At this point he had figured out how to check them. There were eight. He felt himself gagging somewhat. When he and Dors and Raych had been assaulted by ten and they experienced had no difficulty. He had been just thirty-two at that point and Dors-was Dors. Presently it was extraordinary. He waved his stick. The pioneer of the punks stated, â€Å"Hey, the elderly person is going to assault us. What are we going to do?† Seldon glanced around quickly. There were no security officials around. Another sign of the crumbling of society. A periodic individual or two cruised by, however there was no utilization calling for help. Their strides sped up and made a wide temporary re-route. Nobody was going to run any dangers of engaging in an imbroglio. Seldon stated, â€Å"The initial one of you who approaches gets a split head.† â€Å"Yeah?† And the pioneer ventured forward quickly and held onto the stick. There was a short sharp battle and the stick was wrested from Seldon's grasp. The pioneer hurled it to the other side. â€Å"Now what, old man?† Seldon contracted back. He could just hang tight for the blows. They swarmed around him, every anxious to land a blow or two. Seldon lifted his arms to attempt to ward them off. He could in any case Twist-after a style. In the event that he were confronting just a couple of, he may have the option to Twist his body, keep away from their blows, strike back. In any case, not against eight-doubtlessly not against eight. He attempted, at any rate, moving rapidly to the other side to maintain a strategic distance from the blows and his correct leg, with its sciatica, multiplied under him. He fell and realized that himself will generally be totally defenseless. At that point he heard a raucous voice yelling, â€Å"What's going on here? Get back, you hooligans! Back or I'll execute you all!† The pioneer stated, â€Å"Well, another old man.† â€Å"Not that old,† said the newcomer. With the rear of one hand, he struck the pioneer's face, turning it a terrible red. Seldon said in shock, â€Å"Raych, it's you.† Raych's hand cleared back. â€Å"Stay out of this, Dad. Simply get up and move away.† The pioneer, scouring his cheek, stated, â€Å"We'll get you for that.† â€Å"No, you won't,† said Raych, drawing out a blade of Dahlite fabricate, long and shining. A subsequent blade was pulled back and he presently held one in each hand. Seldon said pitifully, â€Å"Still conveying blades, Raych?† â€Å"Always,† said Raych. â€Å"Nothing will ever make me stop.† â€Å"I'll stop you,† said the pioneer, drawing out a blaster. Quicker than the eye could follow, one of Raych's blades went cruising through the air and struck the pioneer's throat. He made a noisy heave, at that point a murmuring sound, and fell, while the other seven gazed. Raych drew closer and stated, â€Å"I need my blade back.† He coaxed it out of the criminal's throat and cleaned it on the man's shirtfront. In doing as such, he stepped on the man's hand, bowed down, and got his blaster. Raych dropped the blaster into one of his spacious pockets. He stated, â€Å"I don't care to utilize a blaster, you bundle of slackers, in light of the fact that occasionally I miss. I never miss with a blade, be that as it may. Never! That man is dead. There are you seven standing. Do you expect to remain standing or will you leave?† â€Å"Get him!† yelled one of the punks and the seven made a purposeful surge. Raych made a retrogressive stride. One blade flashed and afterward the other and two of the criminals halted with, for each situation, a blade covered in his guts. â€Å"Give me back my knives,† said Raych, hauling each out with a cutting movement and cleaning them. â€Å"These two are as yet alive, however not for long. That leaves you five on your feet. Are you going to assault again or are you going to leave?† They turned and Raych got out, â€Å"Pick up your dead and passing on. I don't need them.† Hurriedly they flung the three bodies over their shoulders, at that point they retreated in fear. Raych twisted to get Seldon's stick. â€Å"Can you walk, Dad?† â€Å"Not very well,† said Seldon. â€Å"I wound my leg.† â€Å"Well at that point, get into my vehicle. What were you doing strolling, anyway?† â€Å"Why not?

How to Find the Best College Essay Writing Jobs Online

How to Find the Best College Essay Writing Jobs OnlineIf you're looking to earn some extra money in your spare time, you might be interested in writing college essays for money. It doesn't take a lot of money to get started, and you'll be writing for hours on end - whether it's before the school year starts or when it ends, you'll still have lots of time to get writing done. There are plenty of people who want to earn some extra cash by writing essays for them - here's how to find the best writing jobs and start earning some extra money as a writer.There are two ways to go about getting into the best positions to write college essays for money: by using a traditional business such as the Yellow Pages or the internet. Using traditional advertising might be more likely to get you a response from an employer, as well as potentially gain you the upper hand in the bidding process. But there are many reasons why you may want to go with the internet instead. Here are three reasons to go onl ine to find the best essay writing opportunities.Firstly, you can use the internet to bypass traditional forms of advertising such as the Yellow Pages. You won't be the first person to find the essay writing jobs listed on these kinds of directories. For example, you can use these to search through many of the companies that you'd traditionally consider when finding a job. It's often the case that you'll find a list of options rather than one employer. Online directories have a better response rate because they reach a wider audience.Secondly, you can get online articles out there and publish them on your own website, which will show you that you're not just working for yourself. You'll also be seen as an expert in your field, which will help you stand out from other writers. The more exposure you get, the more opportunities you'll have to write college essays for money.Lastly, the advantages you get when you do find local employers can greatly outweigh the disadvantages of outsourc ing your work. First, you won't have to set up anything like a business entity. The companies are able to pay you for your time and do not have to worry about paying business expenses or taxes. They can pay you a fixed amount per assignment, which is often enough to pay your college tuition fees, books, and even spare time for part-time work.Writing college essays for money has never been easier. Once you've found the work, you can quickly earn a little bit of extra money and keep writing more for free. All you need to do is put in a little effort - and be resourceful enough to get paid for your efforts.Whether you go online or offline, there are lots of options available for finding writing work - the problem is finding the best opportunities. Because it's a popular, growing, and rewarding industry, there are many companies that are willing to pay for the work you can put together.They provide excellent writing services and provide amazing pay for people to write informative and we ll-written essays for them. Start searching today, and you can write essays for money today!

Strengths and weaknesses of policy cycles Essay

Definition of the policy If to define the term of policy, we can say its not only those things that a government must do for the country or not. The policy could be defined as actions made by the government to reach some certain goals. These actions usually consist of thoughts and moving to actions, and finally they are ended with a certain solution. If the policy process occurs problems, it means that a policy cycle is not effective in reaching its goals. Its obviously that any politic cycle has its benefits and weaknesses. Strong sides of policy cycle The policy cycles strength is based on its stages. Each of such phases allows politicians to define problems, analyze the situation and select the most suitable strategy. Each stage of policy cycle is bright and clear, so for a good politician its easy to understand what decision they should make. Here are main stages of a typical policy cycle: Agenda setting period — when a policy maker analyzes problems of society that need to be government intervention. Making decision stage — when a policy maker realizes what decisions should be made for solving the problems that were found on the first stage. Implementation of policy — when all decisions that were made on the second stages, are provided into reality. Each of these phases allows the policy maker to see, revise and analyze if each and every stage was made right or wrong. Weak sides of policy cycle Apart from benefits, any policy cycle has its weak sides. First of all, its very hard to generate a decision when there are a lot of participants with different views. Its obviously that political leaders cannot be totally independent because they bring the politician party goals that are not always match with their own views. Sometimes debates between politician views can be so much intensive, that politicians are unable to finish the cycle with a clear decision. Needless to say that there are many people with different point of views are included into policy process, so they all may have different understanding of how to solve the problem. Of course this can slow down the process of making a decision. Thats why its also important to understand behavior and interaction of these different politicians, apart from stages. Another important thing is policy urgency, sometimes its quite important to make a decision very fast, without going through all stages of policy cycle. So, it means that the policy cycle is not a necessary thing for each and every situation.

Internship Experience at Spyglass Winery - 1233 Words

My Internship Experience at Spyglass Winery Internship is a six to eight weeks working experience in any organization. The purpose behind doing an internship is to get familiar with a professional working environment. Often students do internships during there vacations so as to gain experience in their field of interest. Students studying engineering, computer science, textiles or business management; they are required to perform at least an internship so as to receive degree from their respective institutions. The purpose of writing this essay is to share my wonderful working experience as an internee at Spyglass Winery. I loved every minute of it as I discovered several new skills and came across with some interesting job opportunities. This statistical analysis (www.fasttrackinternships.com) shows the rate of full time job placements according to the number of internships completed. Spyglass Winery offers creative interior and tasteful wine for various events. It hosts various events including weddings, wedding reception, car shows, music festivals, Backyard Concert Series, baby showers, New Year and birthday parties. It has a collection of beautiful places suitable for any small or big function. The wine is offered as selected by the host. I and my friend got an opportunity to work at the Spyglass Winery last summer. We had no idea that this wonderful internship experience will change our minds and well land in choosing our career as a recreation major (outdoorShow MoreRelatedGroup Dynamics: Observations for Internship Field Experience680 Words   |  3 PagesObservations for Internship Field Experience Group dynamics are the forces that emerge and take shape as members interact with each other over the life of a group. These forces are dynamic and include not only in the moment interactions, but also the influences of what members bring to the group from the larger social environment. In my recent role as Events Coordinator at the Spyglass Ridge Winery, I observed the interplay of personality traits and group interactions first hand. My internship field experience

Hip Hop Culture Essay - 1837 Words

Hip Hop culture has come from a inner city expression of life to a multi-billion dollar business. At the beginning of the new millennium it was the top selling genre in the pop charts. It had influences not only on music, but on fashion, film, television, and print. In 2004 Hip Hop celebrated its 30th year anniversary. It wasn’t big for the fact that it was still kicking. It was big because the once Black/Brown inner city culture had grown into a multi-billion dollar global phenomenon (Reeves). Hip Hop culture has provided a platform for all walks of life to speak their mind. Over the past 36 years it has provided us with both entertainment and controversy alike and had a huge impact on our nation’s history. ` The History of Hip Hop†¦show more content†¦Gang activity peaked in 1973 with over 300 gangs and 19,500 members in the greater Bronx area. When member of the â€Å"Ghetto Brothers†, Black Benjie was killed, hundreds of gang members from various gangs met and called truce. Though it did not end gangs it changed the ways in dealing with agression. They dealed with their aggression by battling in forms of dance, or DJ’ing (Price 2-12). When Clive Campbell, also known as Kool Herc arrived in the Bronx from Jamaica he brought with him his passion for music. He was a very unique DJ and changed the stereotypical beat that was being heard and focused on the breakdown. (Welcome to The Official Site of The Universal Zulu Nation). Kool Herc and the Herculords were the first known Hip Hop Crew. He changed the way of gangs across the Bronx and pretty soon every gang had their own DJ. Kool Herc was in the East and West part of the Bronx. Grandmaster Flash was in the South. A frika Bambaataa was in the South East and North. Though Kool Herc set the stones for the making of Hip Hop, Afrika Bambaataa was the first ambassador. When Afrika Bambaataa built Universal Zulu Nation, DJ’s, B-Boys, B-Girls, graffiti artists, and MC’s all had a place to express themselves with guns and violence set aside. It was an expressive outlet used for intellectual study and to get to know one’s self. The Theme of Universal Zulu Nation was, â€Å"Peace, Love, Unity, and Having Fun† (Price 13). ByShow MoreRelatedHip Hop Culture And Culture950 Words   |  4 PagesHow the Hip Hop Culture Separates But Comes Together The Hip Hop culture itself varies with individualism and collectivism, along with the power distance experienced with artists collectively starting joint ventures together as well as having polychronic opportunities but having the same monochronic idea, which is make money. This cultural began collectively on empowerment. Artists in this culture use their platform to promote their individuality whether it is good positive rap or â€Å"gangsta rap†Read MoreThe Hip Hop Culture1476 Words   |  6 Pagesgenre. 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Through these media institutions, we allow them to construct social identities in ways that allow us to understand what it means to be black, white, Asian, male or female etc. Within many popular culture mediums such as music, stereotypical representations of racially marked female bodies are often formed. Thus, these representations alsoRead MoreThe Censorship Of The Hip Hop Culture887 Words   |  4 Pages The Oppressive Language Leading to the Degradation of Woman via The Hip Hop Culture Today There’s a powerful source brainwashing young minority women today, specifically the language expressed in Rap lyrics which is often embraced by the Hip Hop Culture recently. These young gems are being conditioned to value their worth centered around hollow, vain, and degrading measures. 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Discuss the Impact of Social Media During the Arab Spring - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2317 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Media Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? 1. Introduction The Arab Spring is a revolutionary movement in North Africa and the Middle East, which began in December 2010 with the Tunisian Revolution à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" before spreading to other Arab countries, such as Egypt, Syria, and Libya, amongst others. While the Arab Spring was not predicted by political commentators and the media, in retrospect, there are a number of reasons with regard to why it occurred, such as longstanding oppressive regimes and difficult economic conditions. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Discuss the Impact of Social Media During the Arab Spring" essay for you Create order However, despite all of this, the catalyst for the Arab Spring came from a twenty-something fruit vendor in Tunisia who, frustrated and angry about the treatment he was receiving from local officials, set himself on fire in protest à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and subsequently died (Haas Lesch, 2013). In years gone by, such an event might have been largely covered up by an autocratic regime that was able to control the mass media à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" but nowadays, in the age of the Internet and social media, such a task is more difficult. Indeed, Adi (2014) has suggested that the use of social media platforms (such as Facebook and Twitter) did play an integral part in the Arab Spring uprisings à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" but reiterates that social media was used as a tool to gather increasing support for the cause, rather than being the catalyst in itself. Therefore, this paper shall discuss the impact of social media during the Arab Spring, and try to ascertain the extent to which it facilitated the gr owth of the movement. 2. Social Media and the Arab Spring To begin with, Howard Hussain (2013)state that: Social protests in the Arab world have spread across North Africa and the Middle East, largely because digital media allowed communities to realize that they shared grievances and because they nurtured transportable strategies for mobilizing against directors (p. 3). Moreover, Howard Hussain (2013)go on to unequivocally state that the Internet, mobiles phones, and social networking have transformed politics in North Africa and the Middle East. Indeed, in light of the Arab Spring movement that began in late 2010, it would be difficult to argue against such a notion. Furthermore, Bebawi Bossio (2014) also point out that the mass media has labelled the Arab Spring as a social media revolution, with citizen journalism and social media reporting helping to sustain the wave of protests in North Africa and the Middle East from 2010. Thus, there are two ways in which social media has been used during the Arab Spring, these being: (1) by helping to coordinate protests on a mass scale, and (2) by reporting on the events without any media bias. This then, is something that was also used to great effect during the 2011 riots in England, when social media was used to coordinate riots in various English cities (Briggs, 2011) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and it is perhaps no coincidence that these riots coincided with the Arab Spring movement and the successful use of social media in North Africa and the Middle East at that time. However, in oppressive regimes in North Africa and the Middle East, unlike in the UK, such technologies are a revelation in communication à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" as these are countries that have traditionally had their media manipulated by despotic rulers and regimes, and have been subjected to extreme censorship and manipulation. Gismondi (2014) notes that a study in Washington found that social media helped to shape and lead the debate with regard to the politics of the Arab Spring, and that young and educated people tended to lead this discourse, with women also being highly involved with social media participation (and the riots and protests themselves). For example, Tunisian President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali discovered the power of social media when revolutionaries posted a video of him and his wife using a government-funded jet to travel to Europe on lavish shopping trips à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" something that angered locals, who were struggling with economic conditions; and ultimately contributed to his downfall. Moreover, the Washington study cited by Gismondi (2014) also found that social media was instrumental in sharing democratic ideas internationally, and this no doubt also helped to fuel the Arab Spring, and to make people in the region dream of living in a free and democratic society. In addition, Khondker (2011) also notes that social media played a vital role in the Arab Spring in the absence of an open media and civil society. Indeed, in Syria, for example, the regi me there is notorious for controlling the mass media à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and remains a very dangerous place for journalists to ply their trade; with there being very few press freedoms, and with Internet activity also being monitored by the government, and being highly censored. However, it is very difficult to monitor and control all Internet activity, and in this respect, social media likely played a vital role in the uprisings there too. Therefore, as a result of the threat that social media now poses to autocratic regimes, places such as the United Arab Emirates now have laws in place that have the power to punish people if they discuss or post photos of other people (which of course includes politicians or people in positions of power), which is causing some concern amongst human rights groups (Tovey, 2015). Thus, while food shortages as a result of the 2008 global economic crisis, global warming, and poverty may all have been factors that led to the mass uprising in the regi on, it could be said that it was social media that help to sustain this discontent, and this is something that autocratic leaders are now well aware of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and as in the UAE, are attempting to mitigate through laws that prohibit people from disseminating information about other people without their consent. However, ironically, it is such violations of human rights and individual liberties that are perhaps causing discontent in the first place à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and the flexing of such political muscles might only serve to further distance the people from the regime that they are being oppressed by. Indeed, Beaumont (2011) has noted that due to the volume of people now using the Internet and social media in North Africa and the Middle East, that blocking such activity might actually cause more problems, and even more discontent. Moreover, it is also highlighted how social media was crucial in covering the initial news of the man who set himself on fire in Tunisia (whi ch could be seen as the catalyst for the whole Arab Spring movement), as a similar event had taken place three month before, but nobody really knew about it because it had not been filmed and posted on social media. As a result of this, in Egypt, the government even went as far as pulling the plug on Internet services and 3G networks so that the public could not organise protests and riots. However, this was responded to with the analogue equivalent of Twitter: via handheld signs that were held aloft at demonstrations, which contained information about the next protest (Beaumont, 2011). Perhaps then, the power of social media comes from its unedited and uncensored format, which allows people to get closer to the truth than traditional media in the region has allowed. Moreover, it is also a tool that allows people to organise, to quickly gather support for a cause, to disseminate information, and to galvanise people into action before momentum is lost. In addition, Wolfsfel, Segev Sheafer (2013) note that the role of social media in collective action cannot be understood without first examining the political environment in which it operates, and that a significant increase in the use of new media is much more likely to follow a significant amount of protest activity than to precede it à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and this was also the case in the Arab Spring. Nevertheless, while some might play down the role of social media in the Arab Spring uprisings, others à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" such as Eltantawy Wiest (2011) suggest that more research is needed in order to ascertain the true extent to which social media influenced the direction of the Arab Spring movement. In hindsight, it seems axiomatic that social media had a big part to play in the Arab Spring uprisings, and helped to maintain the momentum of the movement by continually updating the public with news of oppression and violations of human rights à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" that would, under past regimes, have been cov ered up. However, it seems that it would be a mistake to suggest that social media caused the uprisings, as the protests continued in Egypt à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" as mentioned even after the government pulled the plug on Internet services and 3G connections. Social media then, is merely a tool for disseminating information in a quick and efficient manner à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" in much the same way as leaflets and written manifestos have been in the past (although this is obviously a much slower process). Moreover, the multimedia nature of social media also allows people to instantly post photographs or videos, which can potentially be seen by millions of people à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" which is an unprecedented innovation; and one that could have a big effect on world politics for many years to come. Nevertheless, while the use of social media led to many successful campaigns and the overthrowing of dictators in some countries (such as Tunisia), elsewhere, civil wars are still raging; as in Syri a. Kassim (2012) states that: In Arab countries, many activists who played crucial roles in the Arab Spring used social networking as a key tool in expressing their thoughts concerning unjust acts committed by the government (n.p.). This then, is something that seems to be fairly clear in a subjective sense. However, this sentiment is also backed up with empirical data, such as the study done by Howard, Duffy, Freelon, Hussain, Mari Mazaid (2011), which analysed over three million tweets, gigabytes of You Tube content, and thousands of blog posts, to find that social media played a central role in shaping political debates in the Arab Spring. Thus, they note that: Conversations about revolution often preceded major events on the ground, and social media carried inspiring stories of protest across international borders (Howard, Duffy, Freelon, Hussain, Mari Mazaid, 2011, n.p.). Indeed, this is a study that is also commented on by ODonnell (2011), who notes that in the week befor e Egyptian president Hosni Mubaraks resigned, tweets from Egypt à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and around the world à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" that talk about political change in Egypt proliferated from around 2,300 per day, to around 230,000 per day. Thus: Online activists created a virtual ecology of civil society, debating contentious issues that could not be discussed in public (ODonnell, 2011, n.p.). As such, in the absence of a civil society and an elected government in places in the Middle East and North Africa, a virtual and comparable environment was created in cyberspace where political discourses could be relatively safely held. 3. Conclusions While this relatively brief discourse has shown that social media had a major role to play in the Arab Spring uprisings, it has also demonstrated that there is still a lack of consensus on the extent of its impact. Thus, while Wolfsfel, Segev Sheafer (2013) suggest that social media discussions tended to increase in volume after a major revolutionary event during the Arab Spring, Howard, Duffy, Freelon, Hussain, Mari Mazai (2011) suggests the opposite: that social media content increased before a major revolutionary event during the Arab Spring. Nevertheless, what can be said without any doubt is that social media was used during the Arab Spring to great effect, and that it had some degree of influence on its outcome. Indeed, without people posting images and videos of events in the Arab Spring, and commenting on what they saw, then the revolution may have never gained the momentum that it needed to topple the long-standing regimes that activists opposed. However, with laws being formulated in places such as the UAE that curb social media use by making it illegal to comment on and post photos and videos of people without their consent; autocratic leaders are now clearly afraid of the power of social media and the impact that it can have. [2,011 words] Bibliography Adi, M. (2014) The Usage of Social Media in the Arab Spring, Berlin: Lit Verlag. Beaumont, P. (2011) The truth about Twitter, Facebook and the uprisings in the Arab world, The Guardian [online], https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/feb/25/twitter-facebook-uprisings-arab-libya, Date accessed 16/10/2015. Bebawi, S. Bossio, D. (2014) Social Media and the Politics of Reportage: The Arab Spring, London: Palgrave Macmillan. Briggs, D. (2011) The English Riots of 2011: A Summer of Discontent, UK: Waterside Press. Eltantawy, N. Wiest, J. B. (2011) The Arab Spring Social Media in the Egyptian Revolution: Reconsidering Resource Mobilization Theory,International Journal of Communication,Vol. 5, No.18, pp. 1207-1224. Gismondi, A. (2014) Occupy Wall Street: Social Media, Education, and the Occupy Movement. In: Vladlena, B. (Ed.) Cutting-Edge Technologies and Social Media Use in Higher Education, Hershey: Information Science Reference (pp. 156-173). Haas, M.L. Lesch, D.W. (2013) The Arab Spring: Change and Resistance in the Middle East, USA: Westview Press. Howard, P.N., Duffy, A., Freelon, D., Hussain, M., Mari, W. Mazaid, M. (2011) Opening Closed Regimes: What Was the Role of Social Media During the Arab Spring? ICTlogy, https://pitpi.org/index.php/2011/09/11/opening-closed-regimes-what-was-the-role-of-social-media-during-the-arab-spring/, Date accessed 16/10/2015. Howard, P.N. Hussain, M.M. (2013)Democracys Fourth Wave? Digital Media and the Arab Spring,USA: Oxford University Press. Kassim, S. (2012) Twitter Revolution: How the Arab Spring Was Helped By Social Media, Policy Mic [online], https://mic.com/articles/10642/twitter-revolution-how-the-arab-spring-was-helped-by-social-media, Date accessed 16/10/2015. Khondker, H.H. (2011) Special Forum on the Arab Revolutions Role of the New Media in the Arab Spring, Globalizations, Vol. 8, No. 5, pp. 675-679. ODonnell, C. (2011) New study quantifies use of social media in Arab Spring, UW Today [online], https://www.washington.edu/news/2011/09/12/new-study-quantifies-use-of-social-media-in-arab-spring, Date accessed 16/10/2015. Tovey, J. (2015) United Arab Emirates is a dangerous place to use social media, human rights groups warn, The Sydney Morning Herald, https://www.smh.com.au/world/united-arab-emirates-is-a-dangerous-place-to-use-social-media-human-rights-groups-warn-20150713-gibjbv.html, Date accessed 16/10/2015. Wolfsfeld, G., Segev, E. Sheafer, T. (2013) Social Media and the Arab Spring Politics Comes First, The International Journal of Press/Politics, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 115-137.

The Power of the Human Brain Essays - 842 Words

Introduction Humans have been considered the highest form of living things on earth . This is not attributed to the fact that the human body is strong or agile , because there are multiple animals that possess strength and agility far beyond the imagination of humans . The main characteristic that distinguishes humans from all other organisms is the brain . The brain is the powerhouse of the body . However this is also the site of the mind . The mind has been said to give humans superior status over other creatures . With this one significant characteristic, humans have the ability to reason , feel and adapt . Man has crossed many miles stones beyond the capabilities of any other living thing ad there are many more feats to be reached†¦show more content†¦The Cerebellum is located at the back of the brain , under the occipital and temporal lobes of the cereral cortex . and contains about 50% of the neurons in the brain and has been nicknamed the motor structure of the brain, due to the fact that a damaged cerebellum affects motor control and posture .The cerebellum performs the following functions †¢ Maintains Balance and Posture †¢ Coordination of voluntary movement †¢ Motor Learning †¢ Cognitive functions The Cerebellum is built from four different types of neurons which include granule cells, Purkinje cells and two types of inhibitory interneurons (Golgi cells and basket cells) The Brain Stem is on the bottom of the brain and is between the deeply rooted structures of the cerebral hemisphere and the cervical spinal cord. It is split into three sections or departments , midbrain(mesencephalon), pons(metencephalon and medulla oblongata 9myelencephalon). The brainstem which is storage for many control houses of the body that include functions like swallowing, breathing and vasomotor control. Cranial nerve nuclei is located in the brainstem with the exception of the ones associated with the olfaction and vision, these provide motor and sensory functions to the different structures in the cranium, e.g. facial muscles, tongue ,larynx and pharynx , it also serves the purpose of supplying the senses of taste, equilibrium and hearing . Complete loss of brainstem has been regarded byShow MoreRelatedThe Power Of The Human Brain1278 Words   |  6 PagesMotivate The human mind has the ultimate power and limitless potential to create results, aspiration, and knowledge. 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The Bat And The Ball Goes Flying High Into Left Field

A crack of the bat and the ball goes flying high into left field. I don’t get it. What is the point of baseball anyway all you do is hit a ball and run. It’s not like there is any point. We just go to a game waist valuable time in our life and pay them to do nothing. That’s when I learned I was wrong. It was a rainy day when I wake up to the voice of my dad yelling, â€Å"Get out of bed I have some important news to tell you.† I yell back in frustration â€Å"It is 7:00 AM.† He doesn’t care so he comes up stairs like always when I don’t want to get out of bed and turns on the scolding lights. So I have to get up if I want to turn them off. So I get out of bed anyway, and put on some clothing from my closet and go down stairs. My dad is reading the†¦show more content†¦That’s when I knew I was ready, to start betting on the games. The First few I bet I was betting about $5 a game. Wining more than half of them. Then I st arted getting lots of money. When that happened I bet bigger and better with friends and family. Then when I was watching baseball I saw a commercial for an online gambling thing for baseball it was called Baseball Pros. I went online and looked up â€Å"Baseball Pros† it said I had to be 18 and older so I made a fake account with my debt card I got for my 15 birthday for emergency’s. So I did that and it said if I lost my first game I would get my money back. But I wasn’t planning on loosing. But there was one problem the minimum amount of money I could do is $100. So I had used my Emergency money on my debt card, and placed my bet 2 days later I had doubled my $100 to $200. So I kept betting more money until I had $1000 saved up. One day I was in my room and my dad walked in without warning wondering what I was doing. He asked â€Å"What are you doing† he asked calmly. I replied to him and said, â€Å"Homework!† He said nothing and left. One day I was at a game for the Royals, if they won I would get $500. As always I was right and I had won. But I made a bad mistake and went online with a bad person and bet them $500. After that 2 days had passed and I had won but something was strange I kept getting messages from him saying â€Å"DEAD.† I was scared I had no idea

Human Resource Management Specific Initiatives

Question: Discuss about the Human Resource Management for Specific Initiatives. Answer: Introduction This report mainly discusses the human resource management role in the large enterprises that are evolved through both the practical as well as efficient practices of human resource (McCord, 2014). The firm which will be discussed in this report will be Netflix Inc. (McCord, 2014). the report mainly view the discussion about how the company is revamped as well as restructured within the market through undertaking specific initiatives for the functions of human resource (Bushey, 2014). The report mainly analyses the talent acquisition invention at Netflix Inc., in which the firm will necessarily launch the entire innovative structure for the functions of human resource (Bushey, 2014). The report will also include about the philosophy of talent management (Timothy, 2014). As offered by the recommended information, the firm will try to develop the strategy, in which A category players will be included (Bushey, 2014). The philosophy relies on separating the staff that is not required in the team and the one that tries to overcome the discomfort that provides the wealthy severance package (Bushey, 2014). The report will also include about the five tenets that will be accepted by Netflix Inc. Key concepts relating to two HR practices discussed in the Netflix case study Reward, hire as well as tolerate the adults- the case mentions that the firm Netflix tries to yearly introduce the employees (Bushey, 2014). Every staff member of the company will be given with the vacations of 10 days along with few sick leaves and holidays (McCord, 2014). The motivate behind this is that the employees will be able to perform as well as deliver the better outcomes as the staff will be permitted to take off and when they require it (Bushey, 2014). Moreover, the firm will also view the staff to make their own decisions (McCord, 2014). For example, when the employee if gone on the official trip, then, in that case, they need to ask to buy the ticket on their own that permits the staff to save specific amount (Bushey, 2014). All these things will primarily contribute towards the effective HR strategy invention (Bushey, 2014). Tell the performance truth- other key initiatives that need to be taken by Netflix is considering the components of being honest with the staff about the performance, but currently they need to come up with the policy, in which employees performance is highlighted according to the statistics (Bunker, 2012). Managers had the job related to forming the teams- once the human resource, as well as management of Netflix Inc, are encouraged, then in that case employees can adopt the idea for developing the particular team accordingly (Bunker, 2012). For example, the managers need to take their decisions and support their specific aims for attaining the help and team assistance (Bunker, 2012). It is viewed as a standard component in the Netflix success, in which the decisions are undertaken through the lead of particular team (McCord, 2014). The staff of the firm is highly paid that is as per the norms and standards of the industry (Bunker, 2012). It can be considered as the supports system for the staff members, as primarily monetary gains will be a key attribute, which could highly encourage the staff for providing the particular outcomes and the desired one too (Bunker, 2012). Key concepts in the Netflix case connect the ideas with the information that you have been given Leaders take the job of creating the culture in the company- the firm Netflix is introduced with the purpose of formulating the staff for having made the decision on their own (Grant, 2004). Along with this, the firm also look towards encouraging the staff to support and then decide about the routine and the manner they undertaken the work forward towards principles of decision making (Grant, 2004). Therefore, this encouraging component for the staff and the Netflix management connects with it (Grant, 2004). Effectiveness of the way Netflix conducts the two HR practices, looking at its business goals, and the way that it meets employee needs Undertaking the right things and simultaneously treating the people such as adults are considered as Netflix heart as they, had brought the policies of HR (Hamel, 2014). It is believed by Hamel (2014) that most of the firm come under the trap of 97% of their staff members while doing the right work and they dont require human resource management to guide them; where else, 31% of the staff also absorb the time, energy and money of HR (Hamel, 2014). The approach of Netflix is that they only hire such people (Hamel, 2014). While the workers working on hourly basis hold the structured system, in that case salaried staff are actually guided through the HR over how they should actually take their time off (Hamel, 2014). For instance, accounts are not out in starting, as its quite a busy time. If the staff had to move away for around 1 month, then they need to discuss with the HR (Hamel, 2014). And the senior employees are highly encouraged to go on holidays as they failed in meeting the role models (Hamel, 2014). Netflix tries to implement the system in case of formal travel as well as policies of expenses. In this instance, staff is highly encouraged to act in the best interest of Netflix (Hamel, 2014). It implies, they should not eat in expensive restaurants, as it might impact the sales (Hamel, 2014). Perhaps the highly radical approach is compensation (Hamel, 2014). Netflix never distributes the bonus based on performance; rather they focus towards market-based pay (Hamel, 2014). Do you think the HR practices will support the way Netflix might need to respond to strategic challenges that it will face in the next two years One face the following issues at Netflix is quite a dramatic manner when one tries to shift from the DVDs through the help of mail, which is a streaming service (Hamel, 2014). One requires saving the huge files in the figure and cloud how the various people can easily access it (Hamel, 2014). Through measuring the third of the high residential traffic in the America that comes from the streaming Netflix movies for the customers (Merrit, 2014). So one requires to explore the people experience by the help of cloud services that work in the company and operate it at large scales, such as companies like, Facebook, Google, Amazon, and eBay thats not the comfortable place for recruiting someone away from it (Hamel, 2014). Philosophy of compensation supported the company (Merrit, 2014). Most of the principles are mainly steam through the ideas that are explained earlier, such as honest and treat people well (Hamel, 2014). For example, during the Netflix tenure, it doesnt pay the bonus or the performance, and therefore, the company believes that they are unrequired if the right people are recruited (Hamel, 2014). If the staff members include entirely adults, that place the firm at first place, then the yearly bonus cannot make them work harder (Merrit, 2014). If one believe in the pay based on market and inform staff members, then it could be smart to interview with the competitors, when they hold the chance for the purpose of getting the right sense of the market talent (Hamel, 2014). There are many HR people, who dislike when the staff communicates with the recruiters, but Netflix always informs their employees to take the call and take the right and valuable information (Hamel, 2014). The next problem is related to making sure that the staff analyse the levels, which tries to drive the business (Hamel, 2014). Netflix case mentions that someone visited the start-up of Texas, in which staff was mainly engineers, it was bet that half of the team had never read the PL and the same was informed to CEO (Merrit, 2014). In this case, CEO replied that it is entirely correct that they are not financially savvy, and its the biggest issue on who want to perform well, and one require to communicate how the organization makes money and their behaviour, which tries to drive towards the success (Hamel, 2014). For example, at Netflix, staff used to emphasize over subscriber increase, without being aware of the expenses (Merrit, 2014). The company is also spending massive money on purchasing the DVD, by establishing the distribution centres, and through giving the programming, by gathering the cent through the new subscribers (Hamel, 2014). The staff of the company also require lea rning that by a revenue increase, expense management can matter a lot (Hamel, 2014). Ethical dilemmas, if any, do you see in the way that Netflix conducts, or seems to perform, the two HR practices To support the deal by the support of various ethical dilemmas, it is quite critical for the human resource professionals to go honest, objective as well as consistent with process of recruitment (Hartung, 2013)0. The advertisement of jobs ads towards the position, which gets differ through what is advertised and it should be placed. Employers need to emphasize over the ability of candidates towards performing the work and not towards the external factors (Kelleher, 2012). While taking the interview, it is significant that the job should not be misrepresented towards the candidates (Kelleher, 2012). This need to cover up conditions of working along with present or the projected state of the company, mainly, if it could importantly impact the future employment prospect of the candidate in the group (Kelleher, 2012). When recruiting the staff members from the customers, suppliers as well as competitors, officials should try to conduct themselves towards the fashion that is transparent, by ensuring that the candidates analyse the risk included through the help of legal contract, which also prohibits them from working for the rival company (Kleinman, 2013). While working for the competitors, it is important that the candidates should analyze the expected risks relate to the damaging relationships among the employers in the industry (Kriete, 2013). In various ways, all these ethical issues hold the high potential to damage legal matters (Kriete, 2013). Conclusion In the present situation, the firm is attaining success, and it has eventually tried to transform into the benchmark company. Netflix is also viewed by various staff members as the enterprise that gives high value to human resource of the enterprise. However, through moving in the upcoming time, the organization require to emphasize over the exploring the new initiatives in human resource. For example, for now, the company holds the philosophy to believe that the compensation cannot be considered as the motivation for the performance that is extraordinary. It is also believed by management that the staff should be talented, hardworking as well as well-equipped and they should try to deliver more than what is expected. References Bunker, A. (2012). "How Netflix works: The adaptive magic behind movie streaming from the cloud." Retrieved September 22, 2016 from https://www.electricpig.co.uk/2012/03/02/how-netflix-works-the- adaptive-magic-behind-movie-streaming-from-the-cloud/. Bushey, R. (2014). How The $400 Million Loan Netflix Just Took Out Will Help It Undercut Hollywood. Retrieved September 22, 2016 from https://www.businessinsider.com/why-netflix- makes-its-own-shows-2014-2 Grant, T. (2004). International Directory of Company Histories. St. James Press: Detroit. Greenberg, A. (2009). The Netflix RD Game. Retrieved September 22, 2016 from https://www.forbes.com/2009/09/21/netflix-research-prize-technology-million-dollars.html Hamel, M. (2014). Netflix bets on international expansion to keep growing. Retrieved September 22, 2016 from https://www.cnbc.com/id/101487231# Hartung, A. (2013). Netflix - The Turnaround Story of 2012. Retrieved September 22, 2016 from https://www.forbes.com/sites/adamhartung/2013/01/29/netflix-the-turnaround-story-of-2012/ Kelleher, K. (2012). Netflix must ponder its endgame strategy. Retrieved September 22, 2016 from https://pando.com/2012/10/24/netflix-must-ponder-its-endgame-strategy/ Kleinman, A. (2013). How Netflix Gets Its Movie Suggestions So Right. Retrieved September 22, 2016 from https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/08/07/netflix-movie-suggestions_n_3720218.html Kriete, L. (2013). 2013 Netflix Strategic Report Retrieved September 22, 2016 from https://lpelin.expressions.syr.edu/trf483/2013/05/02/2013-netflix-strategic-report/ McCord, P. (2014). How Netflix Reinvented HR. Retrieved September 22, 2016 from https://hbr.org/2014/01/how-netflix-reinvented-hr/ar/1 Merrit, R. (2014). How Netflix is Cashing in on Orange is the New Black. Retrieved September 22, 2016 from https://www.equities.com/editors-desk/stocks/technology/orange-is-the-new-black-buys- netflix-subscribers-respect Timothy, L. (2014) Comcasts deal with Netflix makes network neutrality obsolete. Retrieved September 22, 2016 from https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the- switch/wp/2014/02/23/comcasts-deal-with-netflix-makes-network-neutrality-obsolete/

Business Development of Commonwealth Bank-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Sustainable Business Development of Commonwealth Bank. Answer: Introduction: The aim of this paper is to harp on the concepts of business model and disruption of the business model. The paper also discusses the threats and opportunities ushered in by the smart-connected devices by delving into its impact on Commonwealth Bank, Australia. There are discussions on the Osterwalder and Pigneurs business model in contextualizing the disruptive business model of Commonwealth Bank and further discussions on the two perspectives of business model. Business model: Business model comprises of three elements that define the structure and goals of the business (Tidd, Bessant Pavitt, 2005). These three elements are profit formula, value proposition and the key processes and resources. Customer value propositions deals with the notion of fulfilling the task are meant for the better experience of the customers (Chesbrough, 2010). The notion of profit formula is concerned with the strategies that the company has employed in generating a lucrative deal. Third notion of the key processes and key resources indicates the processes imperative for the delivery of the proposition. Disruption in business: Disruption in business has become the trend in contemporary phase of business. The term disruption refers to the drastic alteration in the landscape of the traditional business model of the company. Companies have adopted the disruptive model to bring innovation in their business. Some of the illustrations are that companies have disrupted the business model by converting the necessities into shipping products and subscriptions (Commonwelath Bank of Australia, 2018). Companies have tapped the advantage posed by the revolution in internet speed the mushrooming of the mobile device that would stream high-quality content in exchange of monthly subscription. Another illustration of innovation would be Netflix. The company has ensconced a strong position by continuously innovating its business model. This is done through renting the DVDs and therefore changing the fate of blockbusters. In 2007, the company incorporated the streaming service and has over the years built a reputation. It ha s also branched out into the sector of original content. Currently, Netflix has become the contributor in cord-cutting phenomenon that has posed a threat to the cable companies. Another illustration of disruptive business model is Amazon. The retail giant has been consistently focussed in elevating the experience of shopping for the consumers. It has placed 500 products in the market that would be available at the fingertip of the customers. Recently, it has launched that app that has led to a sweeping increase in its sales. To stay ahead in the business, the company innovated convenience that includes the facility of Amazon Prime for its customers. Along with that it has granted access to the customers membership to two-day shipping and has allowed them to access millions of products including the benefit of music libraries and video. Disruptive business model has incorporated drop box for the purpose of communication. This had led to the enhancement in participation, accessibility and productivity. Another feature of disruptive model is that it has led to the building in of gamification that has led to the enhancement in engagement with the customers Business model of Commonwealth bank: Opportunities and threats The eruption in technology has led to the radical automation in the service of the Commonwealth Bank (Porter Heppelmann, 2014). The company has introduced a range of smart machines that interact with humans and has led to the generation of GDP. Smart-connected devices and service has altered the business model of Common Wealth Bank as envisaged by Dilan Rajasingaham, the Head of the CommonBanks Emerging Technology team (Welcome to the Machine-to-Machine economy, 2018). The company has introduced machine-to-machine economy the feature of which is that machines can eliminate the tasks that are otherwise boring, tiring or onerous. The company is planning to introduce automated machines that can look after it, in other words it can do self-monitoring and are capable of taking orders and making decisions on insurance. Machines will perform these functions and will open a new door in terms of providing smooth service to the customers and ease their pain. The technology partner of Commbank Emerging Technology has collaborated with public and private tech partners and the academic community who would be able to experiment with technology. The focus areas of Commonwealth Bank are big data analysis, blackchain, smart machines and cyber security (Reinventing Your Business Model, 2018). The team of CommBank is committed in preparing a future based on experimentation, education, adoption of new technologies and learning. Whilst, these were the opportunities, the threats are also quite prominent. According to a survey conducted by the Mobile Ecosystem Forum, 60 per cent of the population were worried about the proliferation of the connecting devices, and 62 per cent of the population was of the opinion that privacy was a real concern that was being hampered by the smart-connecting devices (Commonwelath Bank of Australia ,2018). It was reported that 21 per cent of the sample population conceded that internet of Things (IoTs) poses a real threat (How Smart, Connected Products Are Transforming Competition, 2018). The advantage lies in gaining or securing the trust of the customers in the management of transactional data. CommBank is committed to innovating in the space of payment technology. The company has constructed a network that would enable in the innovation of the business through a decentralized structure and distribution. The broader aim of the company is to work its privacy protocols that would underpin the transaction banking of CommBank. Business model framework of Osterwalder and Pigneur to analyze the business model of Commonwealth Bank: An analysis of Commonwealth Banks disruptive model with the framework of Osterwalder and Pigneur is imperative. It has been found that the bank is committed towards building on its customer relationships and the value proposition. In terms of value proposition, the company believes in making transaction smoother for the customers, in terms of customer relationships, the company believes that smart-connected device would cater to the growing needs of the millenials for whom everything is just a click away and finally in terms of channels, the company is planning to reach to the potential customers via notification through mobile phones (Osterwalder Pigneur, 2010). Key Partners Partner with private and public service providers Key Activities Providing smooth bank experience to the customers Machine-to-machine transaction economy Big data analysis Cyber security Value Proposition The company delivers the value of easy money transaction Customer Relationships Building trust Customer service Cordial and long-term relationship. Customer Segments Millenials who service to be quick and efficient Key Resources Smart connected technology Automated banking Self-monitoring machines Channels Decentralized structure and distribution Cost Structure Technology Customs Employee wages Taxes to government and intercity and interstate taxes Production costs Installation of the machines throughout the country Revenue Streams Easing the burden on payment technology Two business model perspectives Business model as a set of capabilities- This refers to the ability of an organization to recognize and build on the right kinds of capabilities. This capability provides the opportunity to translate the strategy into actionable tasks and ensured that it is executed in the business areas (Zott Massa, 2011). Business model as profit formula- Business model as a profit formula refers to the four aspects of business. These are cost structure, target unit margin, revenue model and the velocity of the resources. Conclusion Therefore, it can be stated that smart-connected products in the form of machine-to-machine economy will make it easier for the customers to make transactions. It will also transform the landscape of the banking sector. This is an illustration of disruptive business model for CommonWealth Bank. References Chesbrough, H. (2010). Business model innovation: opportunities and barriers.Long range planning,43(2-3), 354-363. Commonwelath Bank of Australia (2018). Disrupting beliefs: A new approach to business-model innovation.McKinsey Quarterly,3, 66-75. How Smart, Connected Products Are Transforming Competition. (2018).Harvard Business Review. Retrieved 19 April 2018, from https://hbr.org/2014/11/how-smart-connected-products-are-transforming-competition Osterwalder, A., Pigneur, Y. (2010).Business model generation: a handbook for visionaries, game changers, and challengers. John Wiley Sons. Porter, M. E., Heppelmann, J. E. (2014). How smart, connected products are transforming competition.Harvard Business Review,92(11), 64-88. Reinventing Your Business Model. (2018).Harvard Business Review. Retrieved 19 April 2018, from https://hbr.org/2008/12/reinventing-your-business-model Tidd, J., Bessant, J., Pavitt, K. (2005).Managing innovation integrating technological, market and organizational change. John Wiley and Sons Ltd. Welcome to the Machine-to-Machine economy. (2018).Commbank.com.au. Retrieved 21 April 2018, from https://www.commbank.com.au/guidance/newsroom/corporate-travel1-201711.html Zott, C., Amit, R., Massa, L. (2011). The business model: recent developments and future research.Journal of management,37(4), 1019-1042